Territory
and
Identity in IR Theory
Political
Science
190.626
Johns Hopkins University
Professor
Waleed
Hazbun
358
Mergenthaler
Hall
This seminar explores the role notions of
territory and
identity play in IR theory and how differences and boundaries of
territory/identity shape the construction of "national" interests and
guide the foreign policies of states. The first half of the course
surveys
constructivist, realist, poststructuralist, and critical geopolitical
approaches and considers the formulation and practice of US foreign
policy. The
second half focuses on Middle East geopolitics, the Israeli/Palestinian
conflict, and the changing geopolitical discourses driving US policy
towards
the region. In these weeks the emphasis of the course will be to
interrogate
the contingent interconnectedness of territory and identity as the
foundational
construction of the 'nation-state' unit and the international system of
sovereign states. We conclude with a consideration of the possibilities
for
cosmopolitan geopolitical discourses and what role they can play in the
reformulation of aspects of IR theory.
Required books:
* Gearoid O Tuathail, Critical
Geopolitics: The Politics
of Writing Global Space (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
1996)
* Michael N. Barnett, Dialogues
in Arab Politics: Negotiations in Regional Order
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1998)
* David Campbell, Writing Security: United
States Foreign
Policy and the Politics of Identity, (Minneapolis: University of
Minnesota
Press, 1998, revised edition)
* Marc Lynch, State Interests and Public
Spheres: The
International Politics of Jordan's Identity (New York: Columbia
University
Press, 1999)
* Shibley Telhami and Michael N. Barnett
(eds.), Identity
and Foreign Policy in the Middle East, (Ithaca: Cornell University
Press, 2002)
The required books listed above are available
for
purchase at the JHU Book Center. Most of the other material is
accessible via
electronic reserve. Material which has not made it onto electronic
reserve will
be available for photocopying in the Political Science office. You may
also
wish to purchase copies of the other books used in the course (used
copies for
many are available at amazon.com, addall.com, and other sites).
Course requirements:
a.
Each student is required to write a short (about 1-2 pages) summary and
critique of the week's reading. These need not be comprehensive and you
are
free to focus on the issues and themes you are most interested in. The
purpose
of this exercise is to get you thinking about the material as well as
help
prepare you for comprehensive exams. These papers are due in class
(hardcopies,
please) and you are free to distribute them amongst yourselves. You are
expected to do at least 10 (ten) of them (that is you can skip two
weeks).
b.
Each student is required to write either: i) two 12-15 page critical
review
essays addressing one or more weeks readings, or ii) a 25-30 page
research
paper on a topic related to one of the major themes of the course. (You
are
also welcome to write a political theory paper, such as addressing
territory
and identity in Carl Schmitt). If you are planning to do a research or
theory
paper, please submit for approval a short summary of your topic by the
end of
October. You will also be expected to give a short presentation (about
5-10
minutes) on your paper to the class. We have reserved time during the
last
session (December 4) for presentations, but you can also give your
presentation
during an earlier week when we read material most relevant to your
paper.
September 4: Introduction
Part I: IR Theory and US Foreign Policy
September 11: The uses of borders:
Territorial states,
nationalism, and security
o Alexander Murphy, "The sovereign state system
as
political-territorial ideal: historical and contemporary
considerations"
in Thomas J. Biersteker and Cynthia Weber (eds.), State Sovereignty as
Social
Construct (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 81-120.
o John H. Herz, "Rise and demise of the
territorial
State," World Politics Vol. 9, No. 4. (July 1957): 473-493.
o David H. Kaplan and Guntram H. Herb,
"Introduction: a question of identity," Guntram H. Herb,
"National identity and territory," and David H. Kaplan,
"Territorial identities and geographic scale," in Guntram H. Herb and
David H. Kaplan (eds.) Nested Identities : Nationalism, Territory, and
Scale
(Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999), pp. 1-49.
o Yosef Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil,
"Revisiting
the "National": Toward an identity agenda in neorealism?" in
Yosef Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil (eds.) The Return of Culture and
Identity
in IR Theory (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1996) pp. 105-126
o Malik Mufti, Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism
and
Political Order in Syria and Iraq (Ithaca: Cornell University Press,
1996), pp.
1-16.
o Kim Rygiel, "Stabilizing Borders: The
geopolitics
of national identity construction in Turkey," in Gearoid O Tuathail and
Simon Dalby (eds.), Rethinking Geopolitics (London: Routledge, 1998),
pp.
106-130.
September 18: Identities, interests, and
norms:
sociological constructivism
o Alexander Wendt, "Anarchy is what states make
of
it: The social construction of power politics," International
Organization
46, 2 (Spring 1992): 391-425.
o Peter J. Katzenstein (ed.) The Culture of
National
Security : Norms and Identity in World Politics (New York : Columbia
University
Press, 1996), pp, 1-75, 451-537.
o Rawi Abdelal, National Purpose in the World
Economy (Ithaca:
Cornell University Press, 2001), pp. 24-44.
September 25: National identity, power, and
US foreign
policy: realism & revisionism
o Henry R. Nau, At Home Abroad: Identity and
Power in
American Foreign Policy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002), pp.
1-85,
237-253
o Michael H. Hunt, Ideology and U.S. Foreign
Policy (New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1987), pp. 1-45, 125-198
October 2: US foreign policy and the
politics of
identity: post-structuralism
o David Campbell, Writing Security: United
States Foreign
Policy and the Politics of Identity, (Minneapolis: University of
Minnesota
Press, 1998, revised edition).
o Iver B. Neuman, "Self and Other in
International
Relations," European Journal of International Studies Vol. 2, No. 2
(1996): 139-174.
October 9: The discursive construction of
territory:
critical geopolitics
o Gearoid O Tuathail, Critical
Geopolitics: The Politics
of Writing Global Space (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
1996).
o Alan K. Henrikson, "Mental Maps," in Michael
J. Hogan and Thomas G. Peterson (eds.), Explaining the History of
American
Foreign Relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp.
177-192.
Part II: Middle East Geopolitics
October 16: Identities as transnational
institutions:
Pan-Arabism and regional order
o Michael N. Barnett, Dialogues
in Arab Politics: Negotiations in Regional Order
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1998).
October 23: Territorial identities and state
interests
in the Middle East
o Shibley Telhami and Michael N. Barnett (eds.)
Identity
and Foreign Policy in the Middle East, (Ithaca: Cornell University
Press,
2002), pp. 1-25, 117-200.
o Steve Niva, "Contested Sovereignties and
Postcolonial Insecurities in the Middle East," in Jutta Weldes et al.
(eds.) Cultures of Insecurity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota
Press,
1999), pp. 147-172.
o Fouad Ajami, "The End of Pan-Arabism,"
Foreign Affairs Vol. 57, No. 2 (Winter 1978/79): 355-373.
October 30: Territory, identity, and
political
discourse: The elastic boundaries of Jordan
o Marc Lynch, State Interests and Public
Spheres: The
International Politics of Jordan's Identity (New York: Columbia
University
Press, 1999).
o Joseph A. Massad, Colonial Effects: The
Making of
National Identity in Jordan (New York: Columbia University Press,
2001), pp.
222-278.
o Laurie A. Brand, "Palestinians and
Jordanians: A
crisis of identity," Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 24, Issue 4
(Summer 1995): 46-61.
November 6: Identity construction and
territorial conflict
in Israel/Palestine
o David Newman, "Citizenship, Identity and
Location:
The changing discourse of Israeli geopolitics," in Klaus Dodds and
David
Atkinson (eds.), Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical
Thought
(London: Routledge, 2000) pp. 302-331.
o Yazid Sayigh, "War as Leveler, War as
Midwife:
Palestinian political institutions, nationalism, and society since
1948,"
in Steven Heydeman (ed.), War, Institutions, and Social Change in the
Middle
East (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), pp. 200-234
o David Newman, "Real Spaces, Symbolic Spaces:
Interrelated Notions of Territory in Arab-Israeli Conflict," in P. Diehl (Ed.), A Road Map to War:
Territorial Dimensions of International Conflict (Vanderbilt
University Press, 1999), pp. 3-34.
o Oren Yiftachel, "Territory as the Kernel of
the
Nation: Space, Time and Nationalism in Israel/Palestine," Geopolitics
Vol.
7, No. 2 (Autumn 2002): 215-248
o David Newman and Ghazi Falah, "Bridging the
gap:
Palestinian and Israeli discourses on autonomy and statehood,"
Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers ns 22, no. 1
(1997):
111-129
November 13: Shifting/Crossing boundaries of
territory
& identity in Israel/Palestine
o Michael Barnett, "Israeli Identity and the
Peace
Process: Re/creating the Un/thinkable," Shibley Telhami and Michael N.
Barnett (eds.) Identity and Foreign Policy in the Middle East, (Ithaca:
Cornell
University Press, 2002), pp. 58-87.
o David Newman, "From national to post-national
territorial identities in Israel-Palestine" GeoJournal Vol. 53, No. 3
(2001): 235-246
o David Newman, "The geopolitics of peacemaking
in
Israel-Palestine," Political Geography Vol.
21 (2002): 629-646.
o Rhoda Kanaaneh, "Embattled Identities:
Palestinian
Soldiers in the Israeli Military" Journal of Palestine Studies Vol. 32,
Issue 3 (Spring 2003): 5-20
o Dan Rabinowitz, "Postnational
Palestine/Israel?
Globalization, Diaspora, Transnationalism, and the Israeli-Palestinian
Conflict," Critical Inquiry Vol. 26, No. 4 (Summer 2000): 757-772
o Rebecca L. Stein, "'First Contact' and Other
Israeli Fictions: Tourism, Globalization, and the Middle East Peace
Process," Public Culture Vol. 14, No. 3 (2002): 515-543
o Edward W. Said, "The One-State Solution," New
York Times Magazine January 10, 1999
o Salim Tamari, "The Dubious Lure of
Binationalism," Journal of Palestine Studies Vol. 30, Issue 1 (Autumn
2000): 83-87.
o See also:
http://bostonreview.net/ndf.html#Binationalism
Part III: US Middle East Policy: Beyond
Orientalism
and realpolitik
November 20: Culture and geopolitical
discourses in US
Middle East policy
o Douglas Little, American Orientalism: The
United States
and the Middle East since 1945 (Chapel Hill: University of North
Carolina
Press, 2002) pp. 1-42, 117-155, 307-318.
o Melani McAlister, Epic Encounters: Culture,
Media, and
U.S. Interests in the Middle East, 1945-2000 (Berkeley: University of
California Press, 2001) 1-42, 266-276.
o Anthony
Lake, "Confronting Backlash States," Foreign Affairs Vol. 73, No. 2
(March/April 1994): 45-55.
o Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of
Civilizations?," Foreign Affairs Vol. 72, No. 3 (Summer 1993), pp.
22-49.
o Leon Hadar, "What Green Peril?" Foreign
Affairs Vol. 72, No. 2 (Spring 1993): 27-42.
o Henry R. Nau, At Home Abroad: Identity and
Power in
American Foreign Policy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002), pp.
208-222.
o Philip H. Gordon, "Bush's Middle East
Vision," Survival 45, 1 (Spring 2003):155-165
o Jack Shafer, "The PowerPoint That Rocked the
Pentagon," http://politics.slate.msn.com/id/2069119/
Recommended: Richard Perle, et al "A Clean
Break: A
New Strategy for Securing the Realm" (June 1996)
http://www.israeleconomy.org/strat1.htm; The White House, "The National
Security Strategy of the United States of America" (September 2002)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.html
Part IV: Alternative Modes of
Reterritorialization
December 4: Territory, identity, and
cosmopolitan
geographies in IR Theory
o Chris Brown "Borders and Identity in
International
Political Theory" in Mathias Albert, David Jacobson, Yosef Lapid,
(eds.)
Identities, Borders, Orders: Rethinking International Relations Theory
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001) pp. 117-136.
o Daniel Deudney, "Ground Identity: Nature,
Place,
and Space in Nationalism," Yosef Lapid and Friedrich Kratochwil (eds.),
The Return of Culture and Identity in IR Theory (Boulder: Lynne Rienner
Publishers, 1996) pp. 129-145.
o Arjun Appadurai, "Sovereignty without
territoriality: notes for a postnational geography," in Patricia
Yaeger,
(ed.)The Geography of Identity (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of
Michigan
Press, 1996), pp. 40-58.
o Student presentations